Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an abnormal clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells, abnormal cells deriving from bone marrow and capable of migrating from skin to lymph nodes. Symptoms range from isolated bone lesions to multisystem disease.Symptoms range from isolated bone lesions to multisystem disease. [Source: Wikipedia ]

Synonyms
Histiocytosis X
LCH
OrphaNet reference
Langerhans cell histiocytosis 
Is A
Lymphoreticular tumor
Subtypes
Eosinophilic granuloma
Hand-Schüller-Christian disease
Letterer-Siwe disease
May Cause
Acquired posterior neural arch defect
Acquired skull defect
Adrenal insufficiency
Anemia
Anterior third ventricle lesion
Apophyseal lytic lesion
Avascular intracranial mass
Avascular necrosis
Avascular zone near the brain surface
Basilar invagination
Bilateral large kidneys
Bone sequestrum
Cavitary lung lesion in an infant or child
Centrilobular small lung nodules
Cerebellopontine angle lesion
Chest wall lesion
Clavicular lesion in an infant or child
Congenital hepatomegaly
Congenital splenomegaly
Cyst-like mandibular lesion
Cystic jaw lesion
Delayed bone age
Destructive nasopharyngeal mass in a child
Diabetes insipidus
Diaphyseal bone lesion
Diffuse gyriform meningeal enhancement
Diffuse interstitial lung disease with associated lymphadenopathy
Disrupted epiphyseal-metaphyseal junction
Distal clavicle defect
Early loss of teeth
Enhancing sellar lesion
Enhancing suprasellar lesion
Enlarged nerve roots
Enlarged superior orbital fissure
Enlargement or erosion of sella turcica
Epiphyseal lytic lesion
Epiphyseal necrosis
Erosion of inner table of skull
Erosion of mastoid
Erosion of middle ear
Erosion of sphenoid wing
Erosion of the petrous ridge, pyramid, or apex
Erosion of tympanic portion of petrous bone
Exophthalmos
Extradural lesion with abnormal adjacent bone
Extraorbital extracranial lesion extending to the orbit
Facial nerve palsy
Fatty liver lesion
Flat femoral head
Floating teeth
Focal vertebral sclerosis
Fragmented femoral head
Generalized osteopenia or osteolysis of the jaws
Ground-glass pulmonary opacity
Hepatomegaly
Homogeneously enhancing intracranial lesion
Hypogonadism
Hypothalamic lesion
Ill-defined expansile radiolucent jaw lesion
Ill-defined lytic jaw lesion
Ill-defined multifocal lung opacities
Immune disorder
Increased lung lucency
Increased prevertebral space in infants or children
Interradicular radiolucency in the jaw
Isodense intracranial lesion
Isodense sellar lesion
Isodense suprasellar lesion
Large destructive bone lesion
Large orbit
Localized bony defect about the optic canal
Localized bulge of the calvarium or scalp
Localized periosteal reaction
Long rib lesion
Loss of inner cortical bone margin
Loss of lamina dura of teeth
Lucent bone lesion with sclerotic rim
Lucent defect in bones of hands, wrists, feet, or ankles
Lung disease with eosinophilia
Lung neoplasm
Lytic patellar lesion
Lytic skeletal lesion
Lytic vertebral lesion
Malabsorption
Mandibular periostitis
Mastoiditis
Mediastinal and/or hilar lymph node enlargement
Middle cranial fossa lesion
Miliary lung opacities
Miliary lung opacities in a neonate or young infant
Mixed-radiopacity jaw lesion
Multilocular jaw lesion
Multiple cavitary lung lesions
Multiple collapsed vertebrae
Multiple expanding rib lesions
Multiple fractures
Multiple intracranial enhancing lesions
Multiple osteosclerotic bone lesions
Multiple pulmonary nodules
Multiple radiolucent bone lesions
Multiple sclerotic foci in an infant or child
Multiple well-defined radiolucent jaw lesions
Nasal ridge mass in a child
Nasopharyngeal lesion
Non-neoplastic bone lesion
Nonodontogenic radiolucent jaw lesion
Orbital bony defect
Orbital wall lesion
Orbital wall sclerosis
Osteolytic lesion with calcium attenuation
Paranasal sinus mass
Parasellar lesion
Paraspinal soft-tissue mass
Periapical radiolucency in jaw
Pericoronal radiolucency in the jaw
Periosteal new bone formation in a child
Periosteal reaction involving the clavicle
Permeative osteolytic lesion
Platyspondyly
Pleural effusion with disease in thorax
Pneumomediastinum
Pneumothorax
Polyostotic bone lesions in adults
Polyostotic bone lesions in an infant or young child
Polyostotic bone lesions in children
Posterior skull base lesion
Pulmonary hypertension
Radiolucent skull lesion
Resorption of distal clavicle
Retrobulbar mass
Rib lesion in a child
Round cell bone lesion
Scapular lesion in an infant or child
Scattered decreased and increased bone density
Sclerosis of the orbital roof
Sclerotic clavicle
Sellar lesion
Sesamoid lytic lesion
Short rib lesion
Sinonasal lesion
Sinus disease with bone destruction
Skull base lesion
Small lung nodules
Soft-tissue calcification
Solitary bone lesion with expansile remodeling
Solitary collapsed vertebra
Solitary ill-defined lytic metaphyseal lesion
Solitary lytic diaphyseal bone lesion
Solitary lytic epiphyseal lesion
Solitary lytic epiphyseal-metaphyseal lesion
Solitary opacity in jaw
Solitary osteolytic skull lesion
Solitary osteosclerotic bone lesion
Solitary permeative metaphyseal lesion
Solitary poorly demarcated osteolytic bone lesion
Solitary well-defined lytic metaphyseal lesion
Solitary well-demarcated lytic bone lesion
Splenomegaly
Stomatitis
Supratentorial intracranial tumor in a child
Temporal bone osteolysis
Thick clavicle
Thick periosteal reaction along bone shaft
Thin-walled lung cavity
Thoracolumbar gibbus
Unilateral exophthalmos
Vertebral pedicle destruction
Well-defined expansile radiolucent jaw lesion
Wide metaphysis
Widespread areas of bone destruction
Widespread periosteal reaction
Xanthomatous bone lesion
Histiocytosis X
LCH
Acquired posterior neural arch defect
Acquired skull defect
Adrenal insufficiency
Anemia
Anterior third ventricle lesion
Apophyseal lytic lesion
Avascular intracranial mass
Avascular necrosis
Avascular zone near the brain surface
Basilar invagination
Bilateral large kidneys
Bone sequestrum
Cavitary lung lesion in an infant or child
Centrilobular small lung nodules
Cerebellopontine angle lesion
Chest wall lesion
Clavicular lesion in an infant or child
Congenital hepatomegaly
Congenital splenomegaly
Cyst-like mandibular lesion
Cystic jaw lesion
Delayed bone age
Destructive nasopharyngeal mass in a child
Diabetes insipidus
Diaphyseal bone lesion
Diffuse gyriform meningeal enhancement
Diffuse interstitial lung disease with associated lymphadenopathy
Disrupted epiphyseal-metaphyseal junction
Distal clavicle defect
Early loss of teeth
Enhancing sellar lesion
Enhancing suprasellar lesion
Enlarged nerve roots
Enlarged superior orbital fissure
Enlargement or erosion of sella turcica
Epiphyseal lytic lesion
Epiphyseal necrosis
Erosion of inner table of skull
Erosion of mastoid
Erosion of middle ear
Erosion of sphenoid wing
Erosion of the petrous ridge, pyramid, or apex
Erosion of tympanic portion of petrous bone
Exophthalmos
Extradural lesion with abnormal adjacent bone
Extraorbital extracranial lesion extending to the orbit
Facial nerve palsy
Fatty liver lesion
Flat femoral head
Floating teeth
Focal vertebral sclerosis
Fragmented femoral head
Generalized osteopenia or osteolysis of the jaws
Ground-glass pulmonary opacity
Hepatomegaly
Homogeneously enhancing intracranial lesion
Hypogonadism
Hypothalamic lesion
Ill-defined expansile radiolucent jaw lesion
Ill-defined lytic jaw lesion
Ill-defined multifocal lung opacities
Immune disorder
Increased lung lucency
Increased prevertebral space in infants or children
Interradicular radiolucency in the jaw
Isodense intracranial lesion
Isodense sellar lesion
Isodense suprasellar lesion
Large destructive bone lesion
Large orbit
Localized bony defect about the optic canal
Localized bulge of the calvarium or scalp
Localized periosteal reaction
Long rib lesion
Loss of inner cortical bone margin
Loss of lamina dura of teeth
Lucent bone lesion with sclerotic rim
Lucent defect in bones of hands, wrists, feet, or ankles
Lung disease with eosinophilia
Lung neoplasm
Lytic patellar lesion
Lytic skeletal lesion
Lytic vertebral lesion
Malabsorption
Mandibular periostitis
Mastoiditis
Mediastinal and/or hilar lymph node enlargement
Middle cranial fossa lesion
Miliary lung opacities
Miliary lung opacities in a neonate or young infant
Mixed-radiopacity jaw lesion
Multilocular jaw lesion
Multiple cavitary lung lesions
Multiple collapsed vertebrae
Multiple expanding rib lesions
Multiple fractures
Multiple intracranial enhancing lesions
Multiple osteosclerotic bone lesions
Multiple pulmonary nodules
Multiple radiolucent bone lesions
Multiple sclerotic foci in an infant or child
Multiple well-defined radiolucent jaw lesions
Nasal ridge mass in a child
Nasopharyngeal lesion
Non-neoplastic bone lesion
Nonodontogenic radiolucent jaw lesion
Orbital bony defect
Orbital wall lesion
Orbital wall sclerosis
Osteolytic lesion with calcium attenuation
Paranasal sinus mass
Parasellar lesion
Paraspinal soft-tissue mass
Periapical radiolucency in jaw
Pericoronal radiolucency in the jaw
Periosteal new bone formation in a child
Periosteal reaction involving the clavicle
Permeative osteolytic lesion
Platyspondyly
Pleural effusion with disease in thorax
Pneumomediastinum
Pneumothorax
Polyostotic bone lesions in adults
Polyostotic bone lesions in an infant or young child
Polyostotic bone lesions in children
Posterior skull base lesion
Pulmonary hypertension
Radiolucent skull lesion
Resorption of distal clavicle
Retrobulbar mass
Rib lesion in a child
Round cell bone lesion
Scapular lesion in an infant or child
Scattered decreased and increased bone density
Sclerosis of the orbital roof
Sclerotic clavicle
Sellar lesion
Sesamoid lytic lesion
Short rib lesion
Sinonasal lesion
Sinus disease with bone destruction
Skull base lesion
Small lung nodules
Soft-tissue calcification
Solitary bone lesion with expansile remodeling
Solitary collapsed vertebra
Solitary ill-defined lytic metaphyseal lesion
Solitary lytic diaphyseal bone lesion
Solitary lytic epiphyseal lesion
Solitary lytic epiphyseal-metaphyseal lesion
Solitary opacity in jaw
Solitary osteolytic skull lesion
Solitary osteosclerotic bone lesion
Solitary permeative metaphyseal lesion
Solitary poorly demarcated osteolytic bone lesion
Solitary well-defined lytic metaphyseal lesion
Solitary well-demarcated lytic bone lesion
Splenomegaly
Stomatitis
Supratentorial intracranial tumor in a child
Temporal bone osteolysis
Thick clavicle
Thick periosteal reaction along bone shaft
Thin-walled lung cavity
Thoracolumbar gibbus
Unilateral exophthalmos
Vertebral pedicle destruction
Well-defined expansile radiolucent jaw lesion
Wide metaphysis
Widespread areas of bone destruction
Widespread periosteal reaction
Xanthomatous bone lesion