May Cause

Blow-out bone lesion

Congenital brain malformation

Congenital pharyngeal abnormality

Congenital posterior neural arch defect

CSF-intensity extracranial mass

Cystic retroperitoneal mass

Fourth ventricle outlet obstruction

Homogeneous T1-hypointense intracranial lesion

Homogeneous T2-hyperintense intracranial lesion

Increased intracranial pressure

Intradural extramedullary spinal lesion

Large destructive bone lesion

Large foramen magnum

Localized bulge of the calvarium or scalp

Lower abdominal mass in a neonate or child

Lytic vertebral lesion

Nasopharyngeal lesion

Paraspinal soft-tissue mass

Polyhydramnios

Posterior mediastinal lesion

Sacral deformity

Sinonasal lesion

Solitary osteolytic skull lesion

Spina bifida aperta

Spina bifida occulta

Upper abdominal mass in a neonate or child

Water-attenuation mediastinal lesion

Wide spinal canal