Aortic valve replacement is a procedure whereby the failing aortic valve of a patient's heart is replaced with an artificial heart valve. The aortic valve may need to be replaced because:
The valve is leaky (aortic insufficiency, also known as aortic regurgitation)
The valve is narrowed and doesn't open fully (aortic stenosis)Current methods for aortic valve replacement include open-heart surgery, termed minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). [Source: Wikipedia 
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