Encephalocele/meningocele

Encephalocele is a neural tube defect characterized by sac-like protrusions of the brain and the membranes that cover it through openings in the skull. These defects are caused by failure of the neural tube to close completely during fetal development. [Source: Wikipedia ]

May Be Caused by

Aicardi syndrome

Amniotic band syndrome

Chiari III malformation

Chromosome syndrome

Congenital fibrosis extraocular muscles-plus

Currarino triad

Dandy-Walker syndrome

Dyssegmental dysplasia

Femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome

Fraser syndrome

Frontonasal dysplasia

Hadju-Cheney syndrome

Hirschsprung disease

Hydrolethalus syndrome

Joubert syndrome

Klippel-Feil syndrome

Knobloch syndrome

Lateral meningocele syndrome

Marfan syndrome

Meckel syndrome

MELAS syndrome

Morning glory syndrome

Neurofibromatosis

Oculo-encephalo-hepato-renal syndrome

Opitz trigonocephaly syndrome

Pseudo-Meckel syndrome

Roberts syndrome

Sakoda complex

Von Voss syndrome

Walker-Warburg syndrome

Warfarin embryopathy

XX-agonadism