May Cause

Hydrocephalus

Separation of cranial sutures in a child

May Be Caused by

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency

Adrenoleukodystrophy

Aicardi-Goutiéres syndrome

Alpers syndrome

Aluminum intoxication

Balint syndrome

Behçet disease

Binswanger disease

CADASIL

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency

Cataract - nephropathy - encephalopathy

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis

Congenital myoclonic encephalopathy

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Crome syndrome

Encephalopathy - hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - renal tubular disease

Ethylmalonic-adipic aciduria

Familial encephalopathy and L2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria

Fisher syndrome

Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome

Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Hemophilia

Hepatocerebral degeneration

Heroin vapor toxic leukoencephalopathy

HIV infection

Hyperammonemic disorder

Hypereosinophilic syndrome

Hyperprolinemia

Intussusception encephalopathy

Jansky-Bielschowsky disease

Kawasaki syndrome

Kearns-Sayre syndrome

Lead intoxication

Leigh disease

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

Maple syrup urine disease

Marchiafava-Bignami disease

Medium-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency

MELAS syndrome

Membranous lipodystrophy

Menkes disease

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

Methylmalonic acidemia

Minamata disease

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy

Mitochondrial-neurogastrointestinal-encephalomyopathy

Multiple sulfatase deficiency

N-acetylaspartic aciduria

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Niemann-Pick disease

Nonketotic hyperglycinemia

Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency

PEHO syndrome

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease

Phenylketonuria

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

Propionic acidemia

Pyridoxine-dependent seizures

Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency

Rasmussen syndrome

Renal tubulopathy - encephalopathy - liver failure

Reye syndrome

Sarcoidosis

Sickle cell disease

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome

Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system

Susac syndrome

Sydenham chorea

Valproic acid-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

West syndrome

Wilson disease